Yugoslavia participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 27 times as a union, debuting in 1961 and competing every year until its last appearance in 1992 before its dissolution, with the exceptions of 1977 to 1980, and 1985. Yugoslavia won the 1989 contest and hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 1990, in Zagreb, present-day Croatia.
Overall the results of the new republics following the dissolution of Yugoslavia have been mixed: Croatia had some early successes in the mid-1990s, though never won, and the State Unions of Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina have enjoyed some success in recent years, while FYR Macedonia had never secured a top 10 result despite making it through to the final each year until 2008, in which it failed to qualify, before coming in 7th in 2019.
In 2004, Serbia and Montenegro debuted and came in 2nd, and in 2007 after both countries were made independent, Montenegro joined the contest but failed to qualify for the final until 2014, while Serbia won the Eurovision Song Contest the first time it entered as an independent nation.
In 2013, no ex-Yugoslav country secured a spot in the final, as Bosnia and Herzegovina withdrew before the contest began, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia all failed to qualify in the first semifinal and FYR Macedonia failed to qualify in the second semifinal.
Yugoslavia was the only country considered to be behind the Iron Curtain to compete in the contest before it fell in 1989.